Martin Frost, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom, Nigel Spence, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
Estimating Energy Consumption Trends in Worktravel Trips - London, Birmingham and Manchester, 1981-2001 (assigned to theme
The changing modal composition and volume of worktravel in London, Birmingham and Manchester and their resultant energy consumption implications are considered in this research. Essentially the mechanism is to calculate the passenger kilometres travelled by mode and then to apply mode-specific energy consumption parameters to calculate energy consumption. By classifying worktravel trips according to their location and orientation (within town, out of town and into town) it is possible to determine where the major forces for commuting change are and, more important, to assess the implications of these forces for energy consumption. Average energy intensities per person trip are not the same everywhere or for every energy-consuming mode, furthermore the magnitude and direction of change in average energy intensities is not the same either. The data are derived from the 1981, 1991 and 2001 Population Censuses special workplace statistics for small areas (wards), and fuel consumption technical parameters calibrated by engineers. Policies have been devised to influence patterns of worktravel and mode choice. Although this paper is not an evaluation piece, an objective of the paper is to point out where these policies stand in relation to the trends in energy consumption and what still needs to be achieved in moving towards a more sustainable future. A paper by the same authors in similar vein appeared in Transportation Research A about a decade ago.
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