Dirk Van Amelsfort, Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Transport & Planning section, Delft, The Netherlands, Michiel Bliemer, Delft University of tecnology, Delft, The Netherlands
Different types of road pricing in the Netherlands - behavioral responses and network effects (assigned to theme
Road pricing is considered as one of the transportation strategies to improve efficiency of the use of the transportation recourses or to finance the (re)construction of infrastructure. Road pricing may directly benefit motorists through reduced congestion or improved roadways. On the other hand, motorists also have to pay a toll. Consequently, the trade-off between benefits and costs will be made, not only by the individual drivers, but also for the transportation system as a whole. In order to determine network effects we need detailed information about individual choice behavior, taking into account the heterogeneity of travelers and the uncertainty of travel conditions. A large stated choice experiment was conducted among 1115 commuters to investigate and model these behavioral responses to road pricing. The experiment included four alternatives: three car alternatives with varying levels of congestion, reliability, departure times and toll and one public transportation alternative. Using the data from the experiment we estimated choice models following the schedule delay framework from Vickrey, 1969 and Small, 1987, assigning penalties to shifts from the preferred time of travel to earlier or later times. We estimated a large variety of choice models, using different segmentations and specifications of travel time, schedule delays and reliability of travel time. In the next step we used the choice models in conjunction with an analytical macroscopic dynamic multi-user class equilibrium model (INDY) to calculate the behavioral responses and network effects of different types of road pricing measures using. For the area around the city of Eindhoven we evaluated cordon charge, kilometer charge and pay lane alternatives.
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