The territorial mobility of population and labour force in Romania (230)

Theme Track: Migration and Demographics - Migration Flows

Authors:
Parlog, Cornelia ; Goschin, Zizi

The economic, social and cultural disparities between regions are permanently producing territorial mobility of population and labour force. Due to the changes in the factors of influence and their interaction the migration intensity varies in time. The territorial mobility of population and labour force in Romania had many particularities in the last ten years, due to some important economic, social and political changes that took place in this period of time.

We have examined the main changes in the intensity, orientation and territorial distance of the migration flows, their structure and the variable influence of the forces that determine them. In order to analyse the characteristics of interregional mobility of population and labour force, we have selected a few important zones of Romania. These ones are having a big contribution to the total national migration. Economic disparities already existing in Romania between the rich regions and the less prosperous ones have increased during the last ten years. Several regions have higher unemployment rates, lower activity rates, lower incomes per capita and higher emigration rates than the average. This regions have adapted inadequately to changing economic conditions, such as the decline of some industries (like coal-mining in the south part of Romania). As an effect of this fact, labour force mobility from these zone increased. In the early '90, there were already widespread disparities in labour force supply and in the dimensions of demographic indicators between the regions of Romania. We have studied these differences and the population and labour force mobility between regions using various indicators that we have computed for the 1990-2000 period (such as the emigration and imigration ratio for every zone, the dimension and the structure of input-output flows, the evolution in time of these flows and so on).

Economic disparities seems to be the key issue in the problem of population and labour force mobility, but it is not the only factor of influence. Our study is suggesting that individual and family motivations are also very important for the persons that decide to migrate.

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